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Glossary of Undue Influence

Groups that exert undue influence over their members use a number of manipulative techniques to keep their members bound to the organization. The following techniques and concepts are some of the most frequently encountered means of psychological control. These techniques have been referred to as thought reform, brainwashing or cult indoctrination. While most organizations use some of these methods in a mild manner, unethical controlling groups use a high number of them in a strong manner.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIPULATIONS THAT KEEP YOU BOUND TO CONTROLLING GROUPS

Love Bombing

Friendliness, flattery, praise, and affection are used to entice participation and attendance for potential recruits, and to retain members who may be showing less enthusiasm or are thinking of leaving.Love-Bomb-Icon

Destabilizing the Self

Barriers are torn down that would otherwise prevent acceptance of new beliefs. Includes those who have already been destabilized by life situations and the indoctrination of children, who have not yet formed a sense of self. distorted-self-icon

Deception

Lies, omissions, and “front” activities cover up flaws or unusual aspects of the group, doctrine, leadership, and history. Some deceptions will be revealed later when a member is “ready.” Deception-Icon

Sacred Science

(Closed system of Logic) – The ideology and leader have the one and only truth. Members should only seek answers in group teachings. Doctrinal logic is airtight. The leaders are above criticism and those who question or criticize are immoral. sacred-science-icon

Mystical Manipulation

Forces exist which are more powerful than the self. The group strives to fulfill a higher purpose. Ends justify the means. Events and experiences are orchestrated, manipulated, or reframed to appear supernatural and prove the leader is chosen and the doctrines are true. Mystical-Manipulation-Icon

Milieu Control

Information and environment are tightly controlled. Gossip, questioning, and criticism is tightly regulated, as is access to outside information, especially that which might raise doubts or be critical of the group. Milieu-Control-Icon

Demand for Purity

(Perpetual Inadequacy)— Lofty moral goals are set. At first the goals seem achievable, but the standards for achievement grow ever more impossible to meet, keeping the follower perpetually inadequate. Angel-icon

Dispensation of Existence

The individual’s literal or figurative existence is threatened as a consequence for impurity, doubt, or leaving the group. Life, the eternal soul, self-esteem, a sense of “being good”, and one’s identity hangs in the balance. dispensation-of-existence-icon

Doctrine Over Self

The individual is subordinate to the group, leader, and teachings. When personal desires, goals, and values conflict with group values, they become selfish or immoral. doctrine-over-self-icon

Loading the Language

Existing words are loaded with new meaning. New words are added. Other words are banned or dropped from usage. This affects ability to think, as well as ability to communicate comfortably with those outside the group. loaded-language-icon

Totalist Reframing

Situations, thoughts, or feelings are reinterpreted in a way that suits the goals of the organization. This is used to continually prove the ideology correct, to squelch doubts, and to silence outsiders. totalistic-reframing-icon

Thought Terminating Cliches

Short phrases, pat answers, metaphors, and emotional reactions are pre-established to frame doubts. Doubt and questions are automatically shut down. Thought-stopping-icon

Social Pressure

Social acceptance and rejection are used to reward and punish. A member becomes driven with a desire to conform. Pressure-vice-icon

Belief Follows Behavior

Action generates the associated beliefs. Groups may encourage members to follow group teachings in order to gain belief. Focus on proselytizing and missionary work is to promote belief in the member as well as the investigator.Missionary-icon

Public Commitment

Commitments are expressed aloud. Public statements reinforce belief and dedication to the group. Testimony-icon

Creating Dependency

A member comes to depend on the group for physical, emotional, social, spiritual, or other needs. The member has a high stake in continuing to stay loyal to the group. Baby-icon

Black and White Thinking

Broad spectrums of thought and morality become reduced to two options: Good vs. Evil, Love vs. Hate, Weak vs. Strong. Humble vs. Proud. black-white-thinking-icon

Elitism

The members of the group are chosen people, exalted, righteous. Members are made to feel special when compared to outsiders. Elite-icon

Us-vs-Them Thinking

This is a form of black-and-white thinking wherein outsiders, ex-members, and those critical of the group are dehumanized and labeled as evil, apostate, vicious, hateful, prideful, blinded, deceived, etc. A persecution complex may exist whereby reasonable criticism is reframed as an attack. Us-versus-them-icon

Indirect Directives

Certain restrictions or demands on behavior are implied rather than express. The logical elements for a given conclusion are supplied, leaving the member to draw the conclusion herself. Leadership remains innocent of issuing any unseemly teachings. Go-Stop-Sign-icon

Identification and Example

Those who behave correctly or incorrectly are used as examples. Suggested behavior can be inferred from these stories without direct commandment. Stories are told, which may be reframed or blatantly untrue, to demonstrate consequences. The human mind relates strongly to stories, and it also inspires social pressure. Homeless-Icon

Emotion Over Intellect

Emotion is emphasized as the preferred decision-making tool. The value of using reason is downplayed. Doctrines are frequently taught in emotional contexts, such as through stories told in tearful or gentle tones. emotion-over-thought-icon

Induced Phobias

Fears are instilled which are either imaginary, based on real or exaggerated consequences, or on artificial effects created from group pressures. Ghost-Icon

Dissociative States

Trance Induction & Dissociative States—Critical thinking skills are reduced through regular encouragement of receptive mental states. Altered states can be mild and seem normal, and include concentration, fatigue, boredom, and hunger. Trance-icon

Time Control

The member has little time or energy to question beliefs, associate with outsiders, or examine life too closely. Time spent on group-related activities is strongly encouraged or enforced, and usually fills every spare moment. Time-icon

Double-Bind

The member is “damned if you do, damned if you don’t.” She must betray the group or betray her own integrity. stocks-icon

Blame Reversal

The leadership, group, and doctrine are above reproach, so any failed promises and bad situations are always the fault of the member. blame-reversal-icon

These concepts and descriptions are derived from “Recovering Agency” by Luna Lindsey. Visit her website at recoveringagency.com